Mukati memakore angu 15 ndichitsigira mapurojekiti ekuchengetera forklift anotonhora munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa chikafu nechando, zvitoro zvinotonhora zvemishonga, mafekitari ekugadzira chikafu, nenzvimbo dzekugovera-tembiricha yakaderera, ndakadzidza kuti tembiricha yakaderera ndiro rimwe rematambudziko makuru anokanganisa kushanda kwebhatiri remagetsi forklift. Vazhinji vashandisi uye zvikwata zvinotenga zvinhu zvinofungidzira akajairwa emagetsi forklift mabhatiri achashanda akavimbika mumafiriza, kungotarisana nekukasira kudonha kwehuwandu, kupfupikiswa nguva dzekumhanya, kuvharika kusingatarisirwe, uye kutadza kwebhatiri nguva isati yakwana. Kutonhora kwenzvimbo kunononoka kuita kemikari, kunowedzera kunetsa kuchaja, uye kuisa mabhatiri pakudzika uye kushushikana kwemafuta-nyaya dzisingagone kubata midziyo yemazuva ese. Mugwaro renyanzvi rino, ndinogovera ruzivo chairwo rwe-panzvimbo yeinjiniya, makesi maviri ekushandisa anotonhora, mune-kuongorora kwakadzama kutadza kwebhatiri, uye matipi ekugadzirisa anogona kubatsira mamaneja edura rinotonhora, vanogadzira zvinhu, uye zvikwata zvinotenga kutenga kuchengetedza mabhatiri eforogo, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi, uye kudzivirira nguva inodhura pakudzikisira-kushanda. Ungave uine dura rakadzika refiriza, nzvimbo inotengeswa mishonga inotonhora, kana nzvimbo yekugovera chikafu, humbowo uhwu{10}mhinduro dzemhinduro dzinokubatsira kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakadzikama, zvinobudirira munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya.
Pamusoro pebasa rangu, ini nechikwata changu cheinjiniya takaunza zvigadziriso zvinotonhorera zvekuchengetera forklift zvemapurojekiti anodarika makumi mapfumbamwe{1}}pasi rose. Isu tinonyanya kudzivirira bhatiri rekuchengetedza kutonhora,-kudzika kwebhatiri re lithium, kubata zvinhu mudura rekugadzira chikafu, nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo inotonhora yemishonga. Ini pachangu ndakaongorora mazana enzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinotonhora apo mabhatiri akatadza nguva isati yakwana: matura echikafu apo nguva yekushanda yakadzikira ne40% mu-22 madhigirii mamiriro, nzvimbo dzemishonga dzinenge dzichinetsekana nekudzikamisa{8}}magetsi ane hukama, uye{10}}magadzirirwo akawanda anomanikidzwa kutsiva kazhinji sezvakarongwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti, matambudziko aya haadzivisiki{11}anowanzo konzerwa nemidziyo isingaenderane, tsika dzekuchaja dzisiridzo, uye kushaikwa kwekudzivirira kwakanangwa. Yakagadzirwa nemazvo inotonhora yekuchengetera forklift ine hungwaru bhatiri manejimendi inogona kushanda yakavimbika kunyangwe mu -25 madhigirii akadzika mafiriza ane kushomeka kwekuita basa, uye ndakaona mhinduro idzi dzichinyatso shandura mashandiro emabhizinesi aimbonetsekana nenyaya dzebhatiri.
Imwe mumiriri inotonhora yekuchengetedza forklift chirongwa chatakatsigira chakatanga muna Ndira 2026 yenzvimbo huru yekugovera chikafu nechando muCanada. Nzvimbo iyi ine 25,000㎡ yakadzika-inoomesa chando ichichengetedza tembiricha ye -18 dhigirii kusvika -25 dhigirii , inobata 500 kusvika 800 mapallets enyama yakaomeswa nechando, chikafu chemugungwa, uye chikafu chakagadzirwa mazuva ese. Iyo yepakati inomhanyisa maawa gumi nemasere ekuenderera mberi kwekushanda mukati me2 kusvika ku3 mashifiti, achitsamira zvachose pamaforklift emagetsi ekufamba kwepallet, kurodha, uye kuburutsa. Pakutanga, mutengi akashandisa maforklift emagetsi akajairwa ane lead{{22}mabhatiri easidhi, asi vakakurumidza kusangana nekuvhiringwa kwakanyanya izvo zvakaita kuti bhizinesi ravo rifambe zvishoma. Marwadzo avo makuru aisanganisira kurasikirwa kwebhatiri mukutonhora kwakanyanya, neinoshandisika yekumhanya inodonha kubva ku8 maawa kusvika pasi pe4 maawa pamutero. Nguva yekuchaja yakapetwa kaviri, uye mabhatiri aiwanzotadza kusvika kuzere kunyange mushure mekuchaja kwakawedzerwa. Kudzimwa kwepakati-kusingatarisirwi kwakakanganisa kuzadzikiswa kwehurongwa uye kuyerera kwepallet, nepo kazhinji kuchovha bhasikoro uye kutonhora kunetseka kwakaderedza hupenyu hwebhatiri kusvika pasi pemwedzi gumi nemisere-kupfupika pane yaitarisirwa makore matatu kusvika mashanu. Zvikwata zvekuchengetedza zvakashumawo kukwidziridzwa mukati memakamuri ebhatiri kana uchifambisa michina pakati penzvimbo dzinotonhora uye dzakatenderedza, zvichigadzira njodzi dzekuchengetedza magetsi kuchikwata chavo.
Chikwata chedu chemainjiniya chakaita ongororo yakazara pa-saiti kuti tizive zvakakonzera, uye takawana nyaya dzakati wandei dzanga dzichitarisana nazvo. Chekutanga, takaongorora kushanda kwebhatiri kana tembiricha yakadzikira: -zero mamiriro anononoka kuita kemikari mukati, kuderedza kufamba kweion, uye kuderera zvakanyanya kunowanikwa, kunyanya kumabhatiri ane acid{{3}. Takazoona matambudziko akanyanya ekuchaja: vafambisi vange vachiedza kuchaja mabhatiri pakarepo mushure mekuabvisa kubva -22 madhigirii efiriza, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kudzika uye kukuvara kwemukati izvo zvakapfupisa hupenyu nekufamba kwenguva. Kuchaja kwavo hakuna kugadzirwa kuti-kudzore tembiricha yakaderera, uye pakanga pasina kudzora kupisa kwekudzivirira mabhatiri. Isu takaonawo kusashanda zvakanaka, kusanganisira nguva refu isina simba nemagetsi, nguva zhinji{10}kufamba nzendo pfupi, uye kubuda kwakadzika kwaiwedzera kutonhora{14}mabhatiri apera simba. Zvichienderana neongororo yeinjiniya iyi, takakurudzira kuti pave nemagetsi ekuchengetera forklift anotonhora ane 1.5-ton uye 2-toni 2-modhi yemhando{19}yakavakirwa kudziya kwakadzikira. Iyo yepakati kusimudzira yaive lithium-ion bhatiri system ine yakasanganiswa Battery Management System (BMS) uye yakatsaurirwa yakaderera-tembiricha yekudziya basa. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvaisanganisira kudziya kwebhatiri kuti ichengetedze tembiricha yekushanda, chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa tembiricha, smart kuchaja dziviriro inodzivirira kuchaja kana tembiricha yebhatiri yakadzikira, uye yakavharwa zvizere, zvinhu zvemagetsi zvisingapindi mvura kuti zvirambe kudzikamiswa. Maforklift aya akagadzirwa kuti ashande zvakanaka, akadzikama kusvika -25 degrees , achitsigira 16+ maawa ekushanda zuva nezuva nemukana wekuchaja panguva yekuzorora.
Mushure mekuita mhinduro, mutengi akawana kuvandudzwa kunoshamisa kwakaita mutsauko chaiwo kumabasa avo ezuva nezuva. Bhatiri yekushanda nguva yakawedzera neinopfuura 60%, ichitsigira zvizere mashifiti pasina kuvharika kusingatarisirwe. Nguva yekusashanda yakakonzerwa nekutadza kwebhatiri yakadzikira ne85%, ichivandudza zvakanyanya kubuditsa mudura nekurongeka. Bhatiri rinowedzera kusvitsa makore 5+, zvichideredza kuwanda kwekutsiva uye mutengo wakakwana wevaridzi. Iyo yakangwara yekudziya uye BMS sisitimu yakabvisa njodzi dze condensation zvachose, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kushanda kunyangwe mukupisa kwakanyanya uye kuchinjika pakati pefiriza nenzvimbo dzekurodha.
Chechipiri chinoshanda chinobva kunzvimbo yekuchengetera mishonga inotonhora kuGermany, yakapera muna Kurume 2026. Nzvimbo iyi inovhara zviuru gumi㎡ uye inochengetedza tembiricha ye2dhigirii kusvika 8 madhigirii emajekiseni, majekiseni, uye tembiricha{5}}zvisinganzwisisike mishonga yemishonga. Inoshanda maawa gumi nematanhatu pazuva iine zviyero zvakanyanyisa zvehutsanana, chengetedzo, uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo. Zvinonyanya kukosha zvemutengi zvaisanganisira kushanda kwakadzikama, ruzha rwakadzika, zero bhatiri rinodonha njodzi, kuita kunoenderana, uye kutevedzera kuzere nehutano nekuchengetedza indasitiri yemishonga. Ivo vaisakwanisa kushivirira kuvuza, utsi, kana kutadza kusingatarisirwe kwemidziyo inogona kukanganisa kutendeseka kwechigadzirwa kana kuteedzera mutemo, saka chidimbu chega chega chemidziyo chaifanira kusarudzwa nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya. Chikwata chedu cheinjiniya chakabva charambidza mabhatiri easidhi anotungamira{11}nezvikonzero zvakati wandei. Lead{{13}mabhatiri easidhi ane njodzi chaiyo yekudonha kweelectrolyte, zvinoda kugadziriswa nguva nenguva izvo zvinounza njodzi yehutachiona, uye kushanda zvisina kunaka kunyangwe mukudzikama kwakadzikama{14}}. Ivo zvakare vanogadzira gasi panguva yekuchaja uye vane hupenyu hupfupi pasi pekushandiswa kwemazuva ese. Pane kudaro, takakurudzira mishonga yakatsaurirwa{17}yegiredhi yekuchengetera inotonhora forklift yemagetsi ine gadziriso{18}yemahara lithium{19}}ion bhatiri system. Mabhatiri eLithium akavharwa zvachose, haaburiki-, uye haabudisi magasi kana zvinosvibisa -zvichiita kuti aenderane nekwakachena, kunodzorwa mishonga yemishonga. Dzinoendesa magetsi akatsiga uye simba padhigirii 2 kusvika pa8 dhigirii, inotsigira mukana wekuchaja pasina kudzikisirwa, uye ine BMS ine hungwaru inodzivirira kuwandisa,{26}}kubuda, uye njodzi yekupisa. Iyo yakaderera-ruzha electric drive system inotsigirawo nzvimbo yekushanda yakanyarara, inodzorwa iyo nzvimbo inodiwa.
Pakupedzisira, mhinduro yacho yakazadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa nemutengi. Kushanda kwebhatiri kwakagadzikana kwakabvisa pakati-kutadza kutadza zvachose, kubuda zero uye ruzha rwakadzikira runochengetedzwa mudzimba dzakachena, uye kugadziridza-pamahara dhizaini yakaderedza zvinodikanwa zvevashandi uku ichidzichengeta dzichitevedzera zvizere mitemo yemishonga. Zvikepe zveforklift zvakapa kuita kwakaringana, kwakavimbika kwaitsigira kusakanganiswa kwavo kutonhora kwechain logistics, iyo inonyanya kukosha muindasitiri yemishonga.
Kubatsira vanotonhora cheni vanoshanda kunyatsonzwisisa uye kudzivirira kutadza kwebhatiri, zvakakosha kuti utsanangure chaizvo kuti tembiricha inokuvadza sei mabhatiri eforklift, nekuti kana iwe uchiziva chikonzero, unogona kugadzirisa zvirinani maitiro. Kutanga, kurasikirwa kwebhatiri ndiko kwakanyanya kunanga uye kunooneka maitiro. Munzvimbo diki-zero, kuita kwemakemikari mukati mebhatiri kunonoka zvakanyanya, zvichideredza huwandu hwesimba rinoshandiswa rinowanikwa. Bhatiri rinounza 100% inokwana patembiricha yepakamuri rinogona kungopa huwandu hwe50% kusvika 60% pa -20 dhigirii , kupfupisa zvakananga forklift nguva yekumhanya uye kukonzera kupera kwemagetsi pakati-nekuchinja. Chechipiri, kunyatsochaja kunodonha zvakanyanya mumamiriro ekutonhora. Mabhatiri anotonhora haakwanise kubvuma kuchajiswa nemazvo, izvo zvinotungamira kunguva refu yekuchaja, kusachaja kusina kukwana, uye kukuvara kwemukati nekufamba kwenguva. Kuchaja bhatiri rinotonhora zvakanyanya kunogadzirawo condensation mukati mepakiti, izvo zvinotungamira mukuora, mapfupi maseketi, uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza chaidzo. Chechitatu, bhatiri yekudziya system yave yakakosha kune yemazuva ano inotonhora yekuchengetedza forklift. Iyo hita yakabatanidzwa inodziisa bhatiri kunzvimbo yakachengeteka, inoshanda inoshanda pamberi uye panguva yekushanda. Kana yabatanidzwa negadziriro yekudzora kupisa uye{16}}kutarisa tembiricha yenguva chaiyo, tekinoroji iyi inochengetedza kushanda kwakadzikama, inodzivirira kusimba, uye inowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakanyanya kudzika mufiriji.
Kuti ubatsire kujekesa sarudzo dzemidziyo yemhando yepamusoro, zvakakosha kuenzanisa lead-asidhi nebhatiri relithium zvakananga mumamiriro ekuchengetedza anotonhora chaiwo. Lead{{2}mabhatiri easidhi anoratidza kushomeka kwakadzikira-tembiricha ine simba rakaderera riri pasi pedhigirii 0 , kunyatsochaja kwakadzika kunononoka uye kuoma kuchitonhora, kunoda kuchengetedzwa nguva nenguva sekudiridza, kuenzana, uye kuchekwa kwekuora, kunopa mukana wakaganhurirwa wekuchaja unogona kukonzera kuderera, kuva nehupenyu hupfupi hwemakore 1-3 chete munjodzi kubva mukushandisa zvinotonhora zvine mwero, nemagetsi. Mabhatiri eLithium, zvakasiyana, anopa kushanda kwakadzikama zviri nani nekutonga kwemafuta, kuchaja kwakadzikama kunotsigira kuchaja kwakadzikira-kuchaja kwakadzikira, kugadziridza kwakaderera nekuda kweyakavharwa neBMS-yakagadziridzwa dhizaini, inotsigira zvizere kuchaja iyo yakakodzera kune akawanda{10}}kuchinja kutonhora kwekuchengetedza, inopa hupenyu hurefu nekudzivirira kwakaderera kwe4-6- rakavharwa dhizaini. Uyu-musiyano chaiwo wepasi rose ndosaka vazhinji vanochengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora vachichinjira kumhinduro dzelithium dzezvikepe zvavo.
Proactive kugadzirisa ndicho chikamu chekupedzisira chekuchengetedza kutonhora kwekuchengetera forklift mashandiro, uye zvichibva pamazana emasaiti ekuita, ndakanatsa anonyanya kushanda ekuchengetedza bhatiri maitiro anogona kushandiswa nemunhu wese. Usati wapinda munzvimbo inotonhora, gara uchitarisa tembiricha yebhatiri uye uone kuti iri mukati menzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushandisa, simbisa nhanho yekuchaja yakakwana uye usapinda munzvimbo dzinotonhora nebhatiri rakaderera, uye bvumira mabhatiri anotonhora kuti adziye zvishoma munzvimbo yekuchinja kana zvichidikanwa. Panguva yekushanda, dzivirira kubuda kwakadzika nekumisa kushandiswa kwebhatiri risati radzikira, ongorora mamiriro chaiwo-nguva yebhatiri pachiratidziro, kuderedza kusashanda zvisina basa kuti uderedze mashandisiro emagetsi, uye shandisa mukana wekuchaja panguva yekuzorora munzvimbo dzakapoteredza kana dzekuchinja. Paunenge uchichaja, chaja chete mumamiriro ekushisa anoenderana nedhigirii 10 kusvika ku30, shandisa hungwaru, tembiricha-majaja ekunzwa akagadzirirwa mabhatiri ekuchengetedza anotonhora, bvumira mabhatiri kuti adziye zvishoma nezvishoma asati achaja kana achiuya zvakananga kubva mufiriza, uye gara uchitevera mitemo yekuchaja yemugadziri kuti usanyanya kubhadharisa. Kuti utariswe zuva nezuva, tarisa kusungirirwa kwebhatiri kusimba uye kusimba, ongorora kusimba kana kunyorova mukamuri yebhatiri, ongorora chero macode ekuyambira kana chenjedzo yekushisa, uye chengeta nzvimbo yebhatiri yakachena uye yakaoma nguva dzese. Aya matanho madiki, anowirirana anoita mutsauko mukuru muhupenyu hwebhatiri uye kuvimbika.
Semunhu anogadzira forklift ane hunyanzvi anotarisa kutonhora ne-zvinogadzirisa tembiricha, DS Forklift inopa indasitiri-inotungamira DS Cold Storage Electric Forklift series, yakagadziridzwa matura akaomeswa nechando, mafekitari ekugadzira chikafu, mishonga inotonhora inotonhora, uye -nzvimbo dzekuparadzira tembiricha shoma. Yedu inotonhora yekuchengetera forklift lineup inosanganisira 1.5-ton, 2-ton, uye 3-matani ekugona mamodheru kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana mumashandisirwo akasiyana. Anoshandisa -mabhatiri elithium-ion akadzikama ane masisitimu ekudziya akabatanidzwa uye smart BMS, anotsigira kushanda kwakavimbika kubva -25 madhigirii kusvika pa40 dhigirii . Mast urefu anotangira pa3000mm kusvika 5000mm ane akavharwa akazara, asingatonhore emagetsi emagetsi uye anti-condensation dhizaini yakavakirwa kune hutsinye hwekuchinja pakati penzvimbo dzinotonhora uye dzinodziya. Yese yuniti inotsigira mukana wekuchaja, kuita kwakadzikama panguva dzemashifiti marefu, uye kushomeka kwekugadzirisa kutsigira kusingapindike kutonhora kweketani mashandiro.
Nemakore eR&D yakatsaurirwa uye-chaiyo yepasi rose inotonhora yekushandisa cheni,DawnShine Forkliftinopa midziyo inogara yakasimba, yakavimbika inogadzirisa dambudziko rimwe chete guru mukuchengetedza kutonhora: kushanda kwakasimba kwebhatiri uye kudzika kwakadzikama{0}}kudzivirira tembiricha. Hatitengesi maforklifts chete{{2}isu tinokupa zvigadziriso zvinoita kuti cheni yako inotonhora ifambe pasina kuvhiringika kwekutadza kushanda kwebhatiri uye kupera nguva.
Kuchengetedza mabhatiri eforklift munzvimbo inotonhora haisi nyaya yekungogadzirisa chete-nyaya yekusarudza midziyo yakakodzera, kushandisa mashandisirwo echokwadi, uye kushandisa hungwaru hwekutarisira kupisa kunogadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana ekudziya kwepasi. Kwemakore gumi nemashanu ndichitsigira mapurojekiti ekutonhora pasirese, ndazvionera ndega kuti kudzivirira kwebhatiri kwakaringana kunobvisa sei nguva inodhura, kunowedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo, uye kuchengetedza kutonhora kwakanyanya kunoshanda zvakanaka kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. Ungave uchitarisira nzvimbo yekugovera chikafu chakaomeswa nechando, nzvimbo yekuchengetera mishonga inotonhora, kana nzvimbo inogara inogadzira chikafu, kuisa mari pa-yakavakirwa inotonhorera forklift ine bhatiri inodzivirira inogonesa kushanda kwako, kuderedza{5}}mitengo yenguva refu, uye kuona kushanda kwakachengeteka, kwakavimbika munzvimbo dzakaderera{6}. Mibairo yakanaka kwazvo inobva mukudyidzana nemugadziri ane ruzivo anonzwisisa matambudziko ekuchengetera chando uye anopa zvigadziriso zveunjiniya, kwete kungodzima{8}}-masherufu emidziyo. Bata DawnShine Forklift nhasi kuti ukumbire yako yakasarudzika inotonhora yekuchengetera forklift uye bhatiri yekudzivirira mhinduro, uye uvake yakavimbika, inoshanda inotonhora cheni yekubata zvinhu zvebhizinesi rako.
